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Back Liner

The back side layer in a multi-ply paperboard. Normally back liner is made out of inferior grade pulp compared to top liner.

Backbone

The back of a bound book; also called the spine.

Backing Roll

Rubber covered roll against which the metering device such as rod or blade can press.

Backing up

Printing the reverse or back side of a sheet that has already been printed on one side.

Back Water

See White Water.

Baffle

A device which obstructs the flow of fluid, whether to aid mixing or restrict the flow rate.

Bag House

An air pollution control device that captures particulate in filter bags.

Bag Paper

Any paper made to be used in the manufacturing of bags.

Bagasse

Sugarcane residue left after extracting the juice.

Baggy Roll

Mill roll defect usually associated with a variation in caliper and/or basis weight across the width. Rolls are normally checked for baggy areas by striking with a baton and listening for variations in audible pitch.

Bale

A large rectangular shaped compressed package of waste paper, rag, pulp etc. Bale dimensions and weight varies widely depending on the baling material and handling capabilities.

Baling

Compressing and wrapping a material with wire, twine, string to form a unit which is more readily handled, stored and transported.

Bamboo

A plant of grass family grown in Asian countries and used for papermaking fibers.

Banknote or Currency Paper

Used for printing currency. De-facto highest grade of paper. Very high folding endurance, permanency, tensile strength, suitable for 4-colour printing, with watermark and other falsification safeguards such as embedded metal strip. Often contains cotton fibers.

Bark

The outer protective layer of a tree outside the cambium comprising the inner bark and the outer bark. The inner bark is a layer of living bark that separates the outer bark from the cambium and in a living tree is generally soft and moist. The outer bark is a layer of dead bark that forms the exterior surface of the tree stem. The outer bark is frequently dry and corky

Barker or Debarker

An equipment used to remove bark from wood.

Barking or de-barking

Removing bark from wood.

Barograph Paper

Red thin paper coated on one side with a white wax, so that the needle of the barograph make a red line on a white ground, sold in rolls and coils and to suit the type of barograph.

Base Paper

Refers to paper that will be subsequently be treated, coated or laminated in other ways.

Basic Dye

Dye that have a positive charge due to amine groups and have a strong affinity for the surfaces of high-yield fibers. Basic dyes are economical, have high color strength but very poor lightfastness.

Basis Weight

In English system of units, basis weight is the weight in pounds of a ream (500 sheets) of paper cut to a basic size. (Basic size differs from category to category of the paper. Basic size for Bond and Ledger is 20"x26", book, offset and text paper have basic size of 25"x38"). In metric system of units, basis weight is the weight in grams of a single sheet of area one square meter. Basis weight is also called as substance and grammage in metric system of units.

Bast Fibers

Fibers derived from the bark of some annual plants such as flax, gampi, hemp, jute, kozo and mitsumata etc. Main characteristic of these fiber is long length.

Bastard Size

The non-standard sheet size of a given grade.

Batch Cooking

A chemical pulping process in which a discrete quantity of fibrous raw material is individually process.

Beater

An equipment used for beating, refining and mixing pulps.

Beater Dye

Dye added to the beater to color the pulp.

Beater Loading

Addition of a filler to the pulp in the beater.

Beating or Refining

The mechanical treatment of the fibers in water to increase surface area, flexibility and promote bonding when dried.

Belt Washer 

Washer, which uses rotating wire for dewatering and washing of pulp.

Bending Resistance/Flexural Stiffness

Corrugated board's ability to resist bending, along with its edge crush resistance, relates to the top-to-bottom compression strength and general performance of corrugated containers.

Bible Paper

Thin white opaque heavily loaded, used for printing bibles. Not suitable for pen and ink, because of its absorbency.

Binder

Chemicals which facilitate fiber bonding.

Binder (Coating)

A natural or synthetic compound used to adhere coating to the paper surface.

Biocide

A biological control chemical such as fungicide or a bactericide used in papermaking.

Biodegradable

Capable of destruction by biological action.

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

When effluent containing biodegradable organic matter is released into a receiving water, the biodegradation of the organic matter consumes dissolved oxygen from the water. The BOD of an effluent is an estimate of the amount of oxygen that will be consumed in 5 days following its release into a receiving water; assuming a temperature of 20°C.

Biological Waste Water Treatment

A method of cleaning up waste water using living micro-organisms such as bacteria

Biomass 

Any plant-derived organic matter. Biomass available for energy on a sustainable basis includes herbaceous and woody energy crops, agricultural food and feed crops, agricultural crop wastes and residues, wood wastes and residues, aquatic plants, and other waste materials including some municipal wastes. Biomass is a very heterogeneous and chemically complex renewable resource..

Biomass Boiler or Hogged Fuel Boiler

Biomass boilers burn bark, saw mill dust, primary clarifier sediment and other solid waste, and other wood-related scrap not usable in product production. Also called "hogged fuel" boilers, biomass boilers make steam and heat for mill use.

Bio-sludge

Sludge formed (in the aeration basin) during biological waste water treatment or other biological treatment process.

Bitokoshi

Bitoko/Bitokoshi is a grade of printing and writing paper unique to Japan. It is a very lightly coated paper, occupying a niche market between LWC and coated woodfree papers. The furnish includes both chemical and mechanical pulp in variable proportions, thus the Japan Paper Association (JPA) recognises both woodfree bitokoshi and mechanical bitokoshi depending on the proportion of mechanical pulp in the furnish.

Black Liquor

The liquor that exits the digester with the cooked chips at the end of the Kraft cook is called "black" liquor.

Blackening

Defect associated with calendered paper occurring as unintended local areas of apparently darker or grayer color due, for example, to the paper being too damp when passed through the calender.

Blank or Black Box

A flat sheet of corrugated or solid fiberboard that has been cut, slotted and scored so that, when folded along the score lines and joined, it will take the form of a box.

Blade Coater

A device that first applies a surplus coating to paper and then remove extra color after evenly leveling by means of a flexible steel blade.

Bleach Plant

Section of a pulp mill where pulp is bleached

Bleaching

A chemical process used to whiten and purify the pulp. Bleaching also adds to the sheet's strength and durability.

Bleaching Sequences

Series of subsequent bleaching stages, typically described by abbreviation such as CEHH (Chlorination, Extraction Hypochlorite, Hypochlorite .

Bleed

The feathered edge of inks caused by absorption into un-sized paper.

Bleed (corrugation)

The penetration of laminating agents, such as asphalt, through the kraft plies making up the combination.

Bleed Through

When printing on one side of a sheet of paper shows through to the other side.

Blending or Mixing

Blending of different pulps in a chest to achieve quality of the final product.

Blind Drilled Roll

A matrix of small holes drilled into the soft press roll which aid the water removal capability of that roll.

Blind Embossing

A printing technique in which a bas-relief design is pushed forward without foil or ink.

Blister

Defect on a paper surface often shaped like a human blister. It is due to de-lamination of a limited portion of paper without breaking either surface .

Blister Resistance

Resistance of paper to developing blister during printing and print drying.

Blotting Paper

An un-sized paper used generally to absorb excess ink from freshly written manuscripts, letters and signatures.

Blow

It is the discharging of the pressure and contents of the digester in to blow tank.

Blow Heat Recovery System

The system used to recover heat from the flash steam generated while digester is blown in to blow tank.

Blow Tank

The tank in which cooked chips and spent liquor is blown from digester at the end of the cooking cycle.

Board

Thick and stiff paper, often consisting of several plies, widely used for packaging or box making purposes. Its grammage normally is higher than 150 g/m² or thickness is more than 9 point (thousandth of an inch).

Bond Paper

The name "bond" was originally given to a paper, which was used for printing bonds and stock certificates. It is now used in referring to paper used for letterheads and many printing purposes. Important characteristics are finish, strength, freedom from fuzz, and rigidity.

Bonding Strength

The internal strength of a paper; the ability of the fibers within a paper to hold to one another. Bonding strength measures the ability of the paper to hold together on the printing press or other converting processing machines. Good bonding strength prevents fibers from coming loose ("picking"). Bonding strength of fiber is improved by beating/refining and/or adding bonding agent.

Bone Dry

Moisture free or zero moisture.

Book Paper

A general term used to define a class or group of papers having in common A paperboard used in the manufacture of light non-corrugated container.

Box

A rigid container having closed faces and completely enclosing its contents.

Boxboard

A class of board frequently lined on one or both sides, with good folding properties and used for making box and cartons.

Breaking Length

The length beyond which a strip of paper of uniform width would break under its own weight if suspended from one end. Usually expressed in meters.

Breaks

Rupture of paper on the paper machine during paper making. It the paper on couch roll, it is termed couch break. If the paper breaks in paper section, it is termed as press break. If the paper breaks in dryer section, it is  dryer breaks and so on.

Breast Roll

A medium size metal or plastic/fiberglass/granite covered roll located at the headbox side of the paper machine to support the wire.

Breast Roll & Forming Board

Brightness

The reflectance or brilliance of the paper when measured under a specially calibrated blue light. Not necessarily related to color or whiteness. Brightness is expressed in %.

CIE Brightness: An internationally-recognised standard of paper brightness developed in Europe by the Centre Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE).

Bristol Board

A fine quality cardboard made by pasting several sheets together, the middle sheets usually of inferior grade.

Brittleness

Property of paper causing it to break while bending.

Broke

Paper that is unusable because of damage or non-conformity to the specifications. It is put back in to the pulping system.

Broke Pit

A pit below the machine in to which broke is disposed from the machine floor.

Broke Pulper

A broke pulper is used to break down the broke into a stock that can be pumped and treated. This term can cover a wide range of machines and is often used to refer to both stand alone broke pulpers and under the

machine (or UTM) pulpers which receive paper directly from the machine including any trim. A stand alone broke pulper is used to process finished reels that have been rejected or for broke that for any reason has been baled or collected away from the UTM pulpers

Brown Pulp

A mechanical pulp made from wood, which is steamed before grinding. The color-bearing, non-cellulosic components of the wood remain with the pulp. The pulp is generally used for wrapping and bag paper.

Brown Stock

The unbleached chemical pulp.

Brush Coating

A Coating method in which the freshly applied coating color is regulated and smoothed by means of brushes, some stationary and some oscillating, before drying.

Buffering

The neutralizing of acids in paper by adding an alkaline substance (usually calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate) into the paper pulp. The buffer acts as a protection from the acid in the paper or from pollution in the environment.

Bulk

Reverse of density, expressed as cubic centimeter per gram.

Burnout

The loss of color during drying.

Burnt Paper

Paper, which has been discolored and is brittle, but otherwise intact.

Burst

An irregular separation or rupture through the paper or package.

Air Shear burst: Burst caused by air trapped in the winding roll producing rupture of the web along the machine direction.

Caliper shear burst. Cross Machine tension burst that generally occurs between an area or relatively high and low caliper extending for some distance in the machine direction; due to non uniform nip velocities between hard and soft sections of the roll.

Core burst: Inter-layer slippage just above the core, often over the key way, which terminates an Air Shear Burst. Core bursts are most often seen on core-supported unwinds and winders.

Burst Factor

The ratio of the bursting strength (expressed in g/cm² ) and the substance of paper/paperboard (expressed in g/m²) determined by standard methods of test.

Burst Index

The ratio of the bursting strength (expressed in kilo Pascal ) and the substance of paper/paperboard (expressed in g/m²) determined by standard methods of test.

Burst Ratio

The ratio of the bursting strength (expressed in lb/inch² ) and the substance of paper/paperboard (expressed in lb/ream) determined by standard methods of test.

Bursting Strength

The resistance of paper to rapture as measured by the hydrostatic pressure required to burst it when a uniformly distributed and increasing pressure is applied to one of its side.